The Tuba is the bass of the brass section, different instruments being preferred by different countries. English and German orchestras use a tuba in F, whilst those in Italy and USA prefer the larger CC or BB flat types. In France a large bore six-valved tenor tuba in C is preferred - this is the instrument Ravel used in his orchestration of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition of 1922. The orchestral bass tuba patented by Johnn Gottfried Moritz in 1835 was used by Berlioz in his Symphonie Fantastique of 1830. In the mid 19^th century Vaclav Cerveny began building tubas with rotary valves which soon became standard on Austrian and German instruments. The BBb with an orchestral version in C is now the normal brass and military band bass and was used by Wagner in The ring of 1876.